Border disputes are still held with a number of the republics splintered from the Soviet Union – though not an area of concern for most people, disputed borders are known for higher levels of organised crime activity and are best avoided. Contested borders include areas around Georgia, Ukraine, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia.

One area that travellers are strongly advised against visiting is Chechnya, where there is ongoing and large-scale guerrilla warfare and clashes with Russian military. It is also advised that travellers stay clear of Dagestan and Ingushetia, as both are well known for kidnapping of aid workers and foreigners, muggings and violent crimes.

Other areas recommended to be avoided include North Ossetia, Stavropol, Karachayevo-Cherkessiya and Kabardino-Balkariya – all are considered unstable regions where situations rapidly change and consular support cannot be guaranteed for foreign visitors. As a result of ongoing tensions in these areas, there is a threat of suicide bombings in public places, and potential visitors are warned to keep an eye on developments.